Reinforcing steel shall comply with astm a615 and shall have yield strength of 60,000 psi. The base is divided into two parts, the heel and toe. Design concrete shear stress in wall section for outofplane bending. Results from pre vious large scale retaining wall tests and field studies are presented. The minimum concrete compressive strength at 28 days shall be 3,500 psi and shall comply with aci 318. Method statement for retaining wall work execution blogger.
Reinforced concrete retaining walls have a vertical or inclined stem cast with. The intent of this material is to communicate the best practices for design of segmental retaining walls srw as determined by allan block corporation based on 25 plus years of research, design and field experience. The construction of a concrete masonry retaining wall shall conform to the dimensions and reinforcing steel requirements shown in figure 5 and table 1. Retaining wall design of reinforced concrete structure.
Optimum design of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls. Concrete retaining wall pdf poured concrete walls can be tricky to install, but look great with the architectural elements of a modern house. May 29, 2018 this design envelope is defined as follows. Pdf retaining walls provide lateral support to vertical slopes of soil. Types of reinforced concrete retaining walls are cantilever retaining walls and counterfort retaining walls. The following parameters influence the design of the retaining wall. For many years, reinforced concrete masonry gravity retaining walls, relying on gravity loads to resist the overturning forces due to soil pressure, have been constructed using a reinforced concrete masonry stem steel reinforcement grouted into hollow concrete blockwork, which is built on a reinforced concrete footing. Design of reinforced concrete wall concept, calculations reinforced concrete wall is designed as a compression member. Figure 1 illustrates typical cantilever retaining wall detailing requirements. The design procedure requires reliablerobust models to. Concrete masonry gravity retaining walls tek 156 structural 1995 keywords. Figure 1reinforced cantilever retaining wall detailing mortar cap or other, as desired bond beam.
Seismic design category c use the 2012 ibc required. Active earth pressure tends to deflect the wall away from the backfill. Design of reinforced concrete wall guidelines, concept. Design horizontal reinforcement for shrinkage and expansion. Pdf optimal design of reinforced concrete retaining walls. Active earth pressure or earth pressure pa and passive earth pressure p p. Pdf optimal design of reinforced concrete retaining. Drainage material the crushed rock, gravel or similar material placed behind a retaining wall to convey ground water away from the wall and foundations. An automatic geometric predesign is carried out as well as the section reinforcement and geometric and reinforcement design of the wall foundation.
Ce 537, spring 2011 retaining wall design example 1 8 design a reinforced concrete retaining wall for the following conditions. Usually the cantilever wall stem is of concrete block. The retaining wall is fixed to the reinforced concrete slab foundation with a shear key for sliding resistance. Costbased optimum design of reinforced concrete retaining.
Concrete masonry units concrete blocks manufactured to provide an attractive. Pdf structural calculation for reinforced concrete retaining wall. Assuming that the allowable bearing pressure of the soil is 120 knm 2, the. A concrete crib wall was originally specified as a design and construct item which generally presents no problems, however, subsequent to a geotechnical investigation, the foundation profile revealed a 3. Retaining walls design and construction guide edition e3, may 20. Types of retaining wall cantilever retaining wall it consists of a. Infill material the soil material placed behind the retaining wall facing. Worked example to accompany mbie guidance on the seismic design of retaining structures for residential sites in greater christchurch version 2 november 2014. The active pressure increases on the retaining wall proportionally from zero at the upper grade level to a maximum value at the lowest depth of the wall. The horizontal distance, measured from the toe of the wall, is the greater of twice the height of the wall 2h or, the height of the projection from the tail of the reinforcement layers to the surface h e plus a distance equal to the length of the reinforcement l.
Reinforced concrete wall is used in case where beam is not provided and load from the slab is heavy or when the masonry wall thickness is restricted. Cantilever concrete retaining walls are commonly used for residential purposes, often as integral basement walls. Reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall analysis and. Retaining wall are generally used to retain earth or other material to maintain unequal levels on two faces. Allows for the definition of different soil layers, indication of the water table depth, rock layer and any type of loads acting on the exterior and interior. Optimal design of reinforced concrete retaining walls using a swarm intelligence technique conference paper pdf available january 2009 with 2,341 reads how we measure reads. Reinforced concrete walls are commonly selected as the lateral resisting systems in seismic design of buildings. To find the optimum solution, the particle swarm optimization pso algorithm is employed. Reinforced concrete wall is suitable when there are no beams and load transmitted from the slab is massive or the density of the masonry wall is restrained. Topic 11 seismic design of reinforced concrete structures. Reinforced concrete footings, steel reinforcing, or mortar are not used. Topic 11 is the seismic design of reinforced concrete structures, primarily buildings. A retaining wall is a structure designed and constructed to resist the lateral pressure of soil when there is a desired change in ground elevation that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil. Since aci 318 provides ultimate strength procedures, the provisions design will be very familiar to most engineers.
In recent years, successful applications of particle. Concrete masonry reinforced cantilever retaining walls edition e3, may 20 isbn 0 909407 56 8. This is not meant to be a final authority as each project has its own set of unique situations. Heavy duty, galvanised steel retaining wall posts for a professional finish. Wsdot standard plan reinforced concrete retaining wall. You have to design the reinforced concrete wall similar to a compression member. Tenders should not have any additional marks on the envelope. Pdf optimal design of reinforced concrete retaining walls using. Design and construction of a precast ultrahigh performance concrete cantilever retaining wall. D ata sheet concrete retaining walls concrete retaining walls provide a durable solution that is required of a structure in contact.
Retaining walls can be constructed with a variety of building techniques and with different materials such as steel, timber, or reinforced soil. Three numerical examples with different wall heights. Tenderers are not allowed to submit alternative tenders. Optimum cost design of reinforced concrete retaining walls. Reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall analysis and design aci 31814 reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls consist of a relatively thin stem and a base slab. Functions and parts of these retaining walls are discussed.
Fairfax county, typical retaining wall details concrete retaining walls general notes. Standard retaining wall our original, most popular unit, the standard unit is the backbone of versalok retaining wall systems. Because of their large mass, gravity retaining walls may not. Abarac current retaining wall design procedures are summarized with emphasis on the prediction of lateral earth pressures using the coulomb and rankine earth pressure theories, and the equivalent fluid pressure method. Camp and akin 6 developed a procedure for designing lowcost or lowweight cantilever reinforced concrete retaining walls using. Design life the time over which the structure is required to fulfil. Review of ncma segmental retaining wall design manual for. Earth pressure p 8 earth pressure is the pressure exerted by the retaining material on the retaining wall. O bars, or dowels, can be lapped above the footing in accordance with figure 9. In this example, the structural design of the three retaining wall components is performed by hand. Refer to the notes and general design notes on the drawings for limitations on usage. Method statement for retaining wall work execution retaining wall work shall be taken up for a length of 10m to 20m to suit the site condition duly considering the safety aspect. The total height of different types of retaining wall shall be cast in 2 or 3 pours, keeping the maximum height of pour of 2.
Reinforced concrete retaining wall type 2 and 2sw concrete cantilever wall with flat backfill and sloping front face in western wa. The employer is not bound to accepting the lowest tenderers and has the right to accept and reject any tender offers. Reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall analysis and design. Types of retaining wall gravity wall made of plain concrete or brick masonry the stability of the wall is maintained by its own weight made up to a height of 3 m. Reinforced concrete stocky wall is where the effective height he divided by the thickness h does not exceed 15 for a braced wall and 10 for an unbraced wall. Shear connection between columns and walls and between walls concreted in two different construction phases 6. The units solid construction and unique pinning system provide an endless array of design options, hardcore. Pdf this paper concerns with the optimal design of reinforced concrete earth retaining walls. Manual for design and detailing of reinforced concrete to september 20 the code of practice for structural use of concrete 20 contents 1. Buildings designed using these principles will fare better in a seismic. Concrete cantilever wall with flat backfill and flat front face in eastern wa. Oct 16, 2017 types of retaining wall gravity wall made of plain concrete or brick masonry the stability of the wall is maintained by its own weight made up to a height of 3 m.
An example of a completed project is illustrated in figure 1. Retaining wall construction details for wall design and. Concrete wall drawings design loading chart nebraska backfill height surcharge. Basics of retaining wall design 10 editionth a design guide for earth retaining structures contents at a glance. Ghazavi and bazzazian bonab 5 applied a methodology to arrive at the optimal design of concrete retaining wall using the ant colony optimization aco. When you want to be the goto resource for redirock designs, having a copy of geo5 redirock wall professional is the way to go. The national concrete masonry as sociation ncma recently adopted the term soilreinforced segmental retaining wall to identify this type of retaining wall system 4,p. Types of retaining wall cantilever retaining wall it consists of a vertical wall called stem, heel slab and toe slab. The stem may have constant thickness along the length or may be tapered based on economic and construction criteria. Worked example 2 design of concrete cantilever retaining. Concrete masonry reinforced cantilever retaining walls. The focus of the guideline is the geotechnical aspects of retaining wall design. Designed for effective peak ground acceleration of 0. Reinforced concrete a fundamental approach fifth edition retaining walls ence 454 design of concrete structures department of civil and environmental engineering university of maryland, college park spring 2004 by dr.
With this powerful software, youll have the answers to all the toughest design challenges in your area. Manual for design and detailing of reinforced concrete to. Types of reinforced concrete retaining wall and their parts. Dec 27, 2014 method statement for retaining wall work execution retaining wall work shall be taken up for a length of 10m to 20m to suit the site condition duly considering the safety aspect. Eurocode 2 ec2, evolutionary method, excel solver, reinforced concrete. These design methods are discussed in detail in allowable stress design of concrete masonry, tek 147a, and strength design of concrete masonry, tek 144a refs. Shear design assume a 12 inch thick wall concrete shear strength.
The objective of this guideline is to provide information on retaining wall design in accordance with the city of nanaimo the city and the british columbia building code bcbc requirements. Most landscape contractors in areas of heavy rainfall or weather extremes avoid fine poured concrete work due to its challenges. Reinforced concrete design of retaining wall ceref. The design procedure requires reliablerobust models to predict the wall response. Seismic design categories b through f skga web seminar dvd with pdf handout s. During this lesson you will learn the basics of seismic design of reinforced concrete buildings. Inexpensive retaining wall systems wood retaining wall for hobbit hole inexpensive retaining wall systems uk home garden design back yards retaining walls 70 best ideas easy to build surewall retaining wall systems from cirtex. Seismic design categories b through f skga web seminar dvd with pdf handout. Stability of srw gravity walls depends solely upon the dead weight resisting moment. Stiffening wall systems ways of bracing rigidity of shear walls and bracing frames.
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